• NMC Link Medical Education Curriculum as Per CBME

1.⁠ ⁠Traditional ( Teacher-centred methods )

• Lecture – useful for introducing a topic to a large group.
• Demonstration – teacher demonstrates a procedure or technique.
• Tutorial – small-group discussion guided by a teacher.
• Seminar – students prepare and present a topic.
• Question–answer method – promotes active recall and interaction.

2.⁠ ⁠Active methods ( Learner-centred )

• Problem-Based Learning (PBL) – students learn through solving clinical problems.
• Case-Based Learning (CBL) – application of concepts to clinical cases.
• Small-group discussion
• Flipped classroom – students study basic material beforehand; classroom time is used for discussion/application.
• Peer teaching – students teach or explain concepts to colleagues.

3.⁠ ⁠Experiential ( Practical methods )

• Practical demonstration and hands-on training
• Simulation-based learning
• Role play
• Clinical case presentation

4.⁠ ⁠Technology-enabled methods

• PowerPoint / multimedia teaching
• Interactive videos
• E-learning
• Virtual simulation

5.⁠ ⁠Modern approach:

• Integrated teaching

Assessment methods are ways to determine knowledge, skills, attitudes and competencies.

1. Summative / Formative Assessment

• MCQs
• Long Answer Questions (LAQ)
• Short Answer Questions (SAQ)
• Viva
• Assignments
• Case-based questions
• Group discussions
• Concept maps

2. Assessment of Skills

• OSPE – Objective Structured Practical Examination
• OSCE – Objective Structured Clinical Examination
• Direct observation
• Practical demonstration
• Simulation

3. Assessment of Attitude/Professionalism

• Direct observation
• 360° assessment
• Peer assessment
• Patient feedback
• Reflective writing

4. Workplace-Based Assessment

• Mini-CEX
• DOPS – Direct Observation of Procedural Skills
• Case-based discussion
• Logbook
• Multisource/360° feedback