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Medical Education
Teaching Learning Method
1. Traditional ( Teacher-centred methods )
- Lecture – useful for introducing a topic to a large group.
- Demonstration – teacher demonstrates a procedure or technique.
- Tutorial – small-group discussion guided by a teacher.
- Seminar – students prepare and present a topic.
- Question–answer method – promotes active recall and interaction.
2. Active methods ( Learner-centred )
- Problem-Based Learning (PBL) – students learn through solving clinical problems.
- Case-Based Learning (CBL) – application of concepts to clinical cases.
- Small-group discussion
- Flipped classroom – students study basic material beforehand; classroom time is used for discussion/application.
- Peer teaching – students teach or explain concepts to colleagues.
3. Experiential ( Practical methods )
- Practical demonstration and hands-on training
- Simulation-based learning
- Role play
- Clinical case presentation
4. Technology-enabled methods
- PowerPoint / multimedia teaching
- Interactive videos
- E-learning
- Virtual simulation
5. Modern approach:
- Integrated teaching
Assessment Method
Assessment methods are ways to determine knowledge, skills, attitudes and competencies.
1. Summative / Formative Assessment
- MCQs
- Long Answer Questions (LAQ)
- Short Answer Questions (SAQ)
- Viva
- Assignments
- Case-based questions
- Group discussions
- Concept maps
2. Assessment of Skills
- OSPE – Objective Structured Practical Examination
- OSCE – Objective Structured Clinical Examination
- Direct observation
- Practical demonstration
- Simulation
3. Assessment of Attitude/Professionalism
- Direct observation
- 360° assessment
- Peer assessment
- Patient feedback
- Reflective writing
4. Workplace-Based Assessment
- Mini-CEX
- DOPS – Direct Observation of Procedural Skills
- Case-based discussion
- Logbook
- Multisource/360° feedback