=====Model Questions List For MD Biochemistry===== ^Year^Description^ | 2024 | List of Model Question for Paper-1 - General and Clinical Biochemistry - Enzymology and Biostatics | - Write type of transport mechanism and explain with example - Biochemical events occurring during skeletal muscle contraction. - Biochemical difference between muscle fibers and fuel used by sprinter and marathon runner - Cell membrane asymmetry - Structure and function of liposome, micelle and lipid bilayer. - Explain different type of protein structure with example. Explain primary structure relationship with protein function with two example. Write sequencing method to identify primary structure of protein. - EPA and DHA – biochemical basis of their role in health - Chaperones - Source and clinical significant of essential fatty acid - Collagen synthesis and its disorder - Write salvage pathway of purine and it’s disorder. Explain biochemical reason for different type of hyperurecemia and it’s management - Pathogenesis of Adenosine deaminase deficiency - Explain any five different mechanism of chemotherapeutic drug. - Write purine catabolism pathway and it’s disorder - Major features of human mitochondrial DNA - Write purine analogue - Biochemical reason of etiology and treatment of hyperuricemia - Type of Chromatography - Principle and instrumentation of nephelometry and turbidimetry - Principle of SDS PAGE for protein separation - Principle and utility of mass spectrometry - Principle, type and use of ELISA. - Draw diagram of a spectrophotometer. How double-beam-in-time spectrophotometer differ from double-beam-in-space spectrophotometer - Light sources in analytical equipments - Electrophoresis support media - Isoelectric focusing - Principle of SDS PAGE - Principle, instrumentation and uses of capillary electrophoresis - Affinity chromatography - Explain chromatographic resolution and efficiency - Quadrupole and linear ion trap mass analysers - Tandom mass spectrometry - Clinical applications of mass spectrometer - DNA motifs - Laboratory biosafety guideline related to covid 19 - Write various analytic method with it’s principle, advantages, disadvantages, clinical interpretation of CRP, Ferritin, D-Dimer, IL-6 and procalcitonin. - Inflammatory markers of Covid-19 - SARS CoV2 lifecycle - Mechanism of action of Vaccines against COVID19 - Mechanism of action of Drugs against COVID19 - Role of Clinical Biochemistry in COVID19 pandemic - Inflammatory Markers in COVID19 management - Microteaching - OSPE and OSCE - Teaching methods for large group - Teaching methods for small group - Problem based learning - How to write good MCQ question paper - Potentiometry using Ion selective electrodes for H+, Na+, K+ and Cl- - Potentiometry electrodes for pCO2 - Amperometric electrode for pO2 - Amperometric O2 based and H2O2 based glucose electrodes - Mechanism of methotrexate and 5-flurouracil | 2024 | List of Model Question for Paper-2 - Metabolism , Bioenergetics, Nutrition , Vitamins and Hormones | - Explain structure , type, variant , physiological role, synthesis and regulation of hemoglobin - Digestion and absorption of protein - Dietary fiber – It’s significant and biochemical reason - Regulation of enzyme activity. - Properties and significant of iso-enzyme. - Write type and it’s difference of diabetes mellitus. Explain biochemical changes occurs diabetesmellitus. Investigation require for diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of diabetic patients. - Metabolic changes in patient of diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis. - Explain any five example of competitive enzyme inhibition - Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency - HDL metabolism - Anti oxidant role of Vitamin - Protein targeting disorder. - Ketogenesis - Write significant of any five amino acid and explain it with related metabolic pathway. - Biochemical reason of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency and explain principle of Methelene Blue based screening test for diagnosis of it. - Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and explain of biochemical change of using statin group of drugs for short and long term - Differential diagnosis of jaundice on bases laboratory investigation. - Calculate energy formation of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis - Pro-oxidant role of anti-oxidant. - Phase-II of xenobiotics. - Glycogen storage disease - Glycogenolysis is not the reverse of glycogenesis - Carnitin shuttle - Biochemical basis of etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of various Hyperhomocystinemia - Biochemical basis of etiology, diagnosis and treatment of unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. - Amphibolic role of TCA cycle. - Metabolic changes during exercise. - Biochemistry basis of change in enzyme activity due to change in pH and temperature. - Biochemical explanation of galactosemia - Therapeutic role of enzyme - Fredrickson classification of hypercholesteremia - Explain molecular abnormality and detection technique for sickle cell anaemia - Vitamin K cycle and drugs acting on it. - Changes in various laboratory tests in iron deficiency anemia - Diagnostic role of enzyme - Lipid lowering drugs and it’s mechanism of action - Km and Vmax in competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition - Cyanide poisoning – biochemical consequences and biochemical basis of its treatment - Uncouplers of respiratory chain - Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue - Overview of carbohydrate metabolism - Overview of fatty acid metabolism - Overview of cholesterol metabolism - Overview of amino acid metabolism - Overview of transport of lipids in blood - HDL/VLDL/LDL/Chylomicron - Interconversion among glucose, TG and amino acids - Biochemical events in adipose tissue after a meal - Biochemical events in adipose tissue in fasting - Biochemical basis of etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of various hyperphenylalaninemia - Non-protein nitrogen products of tyrosine and tryptophan and various drugs affecting their metabolism - Maple syrup urine diseases - Biosynthesis and metabolism of serotonin and metatonin - Biochemical basis of etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of various hyperhomocystinemia - Biochemical basis of etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of various disorders of lipid malabsorption - Biochemical cause of major signs and symptoms of porphyrias - Biochemical basis of etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. - DM diagnostic guideline - ATP IV Hypercholesterolemia diagnostic guidline - beta thalassemia – genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis | 2024 | List of Model Question for Paper-3 - Molecular Biology , Immunology and Cancer | - Write process of DNA replication and inhibition. DNA repair mechanism and it’s disorder - Type and effect of the mutation – explain each with example - Post-translational modifications in collagen - Point mutations and frame shift mutations - Oncogene and proto-oncogene - Genomic and cDNA library - Types of vaccines and it’s mechanism of action - Real time PCR - Viral integration and transposons in human genome - Structure, function and inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases - DNA damage – causes, types, repair pathways and repair fedality - Double stranded break repair mechanisms - Transcription cycle - Transcription control regions for eukaryotic genes - Post-trancriptional modification of primary transcript - Mechanism of intron removal and alternative splicing - Detection, quantification and identification of amplicon in real time PCR - Tumor marker - Restriction endonucleases - Structure, physiological Role and clinical importance of Inter Leukins - Enzymes used in recombinant DNA research - Immunoglobulin - Lac operon - Active and Passive immunity - Post-transcription modification of m-RNA. - Properties of genetic code - Write note somatic hyper mutation and iso-type switching of immunoglobin. - Regulation of m-RNA stability | 2024 | List of Model Question for Paper-4 - Technique in experimental biochemistry , Recent advances | - Precaution and management of Needle stick injury - Biomedical Medical Waste management disposal rules - Extrinsic and Intrinsic coagulation pathway - Write specification for fully auto biochemistry analyser - Explain measurement uncertainty and its requirements in ISO 15189:2012 - Characteristic of good LIS - Format checklist on basis of objective structured practical examination (OSPE) to check technician’s competency for pipetting. - Explain biochemical basis of anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet action of aspirin, in context of it’s dose and duration of action. - Laboratory test to measure coagulation, thrombolysis and platelet aggregation. - Write blood and urine investigation require for differential diagnosis of renal failure and for evaluate prognosis of patient. Write biochemical reason for each parameter alteration. Write any three different estimation method with it’s principle of any these parameter. - LoB,LoD,LoQ and LoL - Newer advances in vacuum tubes technology for patient and phlebotomist safety - Concept of six sigma and measurement of sigma in a clinical chemistry laboratory - Calibrator traceability - Use of barcoding in clinical laboratory - Components of Integrated automation system in clinical laboratory - Advantages and disadvantages of POCT - Ideal requirements of POCT - Describe formation of creatinine in body Describe salient features of chemical and enzymatic methods for serum creatinine measurement. Give account of quality issues in creatinine measurement. List advantages and disadvantages of markers of GFR. Explain use of IDMS traceable MDRD equation for estimating GFR from serum creatinine. - Explain different types of isoenzymes and isoforms of Creatine Kinase in humans. Describe principle of measurement of CK-MB by catalytic method and mass method. Why the catalytic method generally contain N-acetyl cysteine, AMP and diadenosine-pentaphosphate. - Draw diagram of a spectrophotometer. How double-beam-in-time spectrophotometer differ from double-beam-in-space spectrophotometer - Amperometric O2 based and H2O2 based glucose electrodes - Desirable characteristics of EQA program for clinical chemistry - Quality indicators in NABL accredited clinical laboratory / requirements in ISO 15189-2012 - Principle of SDS PAGE - Physiological role of liver. - Hormonal changes during menstrual cycle. - Absorption of iron - Root cause analysis in case of internal quality control outlier - Thyroid hormone synthesis - Pre-analytic variation - Training require for technical person working in clinical laboratory. Explain one in detail. - ABO blood groups - Type and Use of different blood collection tubes & order of draw for blood collection - Preparation require for apply for NABL accreditation - Mandatory requirement in patient report format as per ISO 15189:2012 - Methology for comparison sample result of analyte between different analytic methods and instruments. - Westgard rules for interpretation of QC results - Explain pre-analytic process for arterial blood gas analysis and it’s interpretation - Planning and technical requirement of internal audit of laboratory. - Requirements in ISO 15189:2012 about documentation of examination procedures - Write policy/procedure to find new lot of internal quality control mean and sd for L-J chart. - Type of quality check method for biochemistry analyte. - Lactic acidosis – causes and biochemical basis of expected results of various laboratory examination - Requirements in ISO 15189:2012 about Request form information - Requirements in ISO 15189:2012 about verification and validation of examination procedure - Bland Altman plot for comparison between two methods - Name and function of fully automated biochemistry analyzer - Biochemical basis of expected results of various laboratory examination in renal tubular acidosis - Capillary blood sampling – methods and uses - Risk management in NABL accredited clinical laboratory / requirements in ISO 15189-2012 - Recommended order of draw, stopper color, content and inversions - Types of vacuum tubes for collection of blood for serum - LJ Chart for quality control - Explain Trueness, accuracy and precision with examples - Explain repeatability and reproducibility with examples - Cholesterol reference material, method and laboratories - Structure, function and clinical co-relation of creatine kinase and it’s Isoenzymes. - Type of Chromatography - Principle and utility of mass spectrometry - Principle, type and use of ELISA. - Light sources in analytical equipments - Electrophoresis support media - Isoelectric focusing - Principle, instrumentation and uses of capillary electrophoresis - Affinity chromatography - Explain chromatographic resolution and efficiency - Quadrupole and linear ion trap mass analysers - Tandom mass spectrometry - Clinical applications of mass spectrometer - DNA motifs - Write various analytic method with it’s principle, advantages, disadvantages, clinical interpretation of CRP, Ferritin, D-Dimer, IL-6 and procalcitonin. - Potentiometry electrodes for pCO2 - Amperometric electrode for pO2